New Type of Coronavirus Identified In Britain, South Africa
2020-12-23
LRC
TXT
大字
小字
滚动
全页
1A new kind, or strain, of the coronavirus has been found in Britain and South Africa.
2Health experts in Britain and the United States say the new strain seems to infect more easily than others.
3However, there is no evidence showing it to be more deadly.
4Patrick Vallance is the British government's chief scientific adviser.
5He said the new strain "moves fast and is becoming the" stronger strain.
6By the end of December, it is estimated that it will have caused over 60 percent of infections in London.
7It is unclear if this new strain causes a more severe form of COVID-19.
8Vaccinations have already started in some parts of the world.
9So, the question many people are asking is this: Will the current vaccines protect people against the new strain of virus?
10One of the companies making an approved vaccine, Germany's BioNTech, recently gave a response.
11The Associated Press reported Tuesday that the company's chief said he is confident that its coronavirus vaccine works against the new UK strain.
12CEO Ugur Sahin spoke at a news conference the day after the vaccine was approved for use in the European Union.
13He said, "... scientifically, it is highly likely that the immune response by this vaccine also can deal with the new" strain of virus.
14The proteins on the UK strain, Sahin explained, are 99 percent the same as on the existing strains.
15Therefore, BioNTech has "scientific confidence" that its vaccine will be effective.
16However, he noted that "further studies are needed to be completely sure."
17"We don't know at the moment if our vaccine is also able to provide protection against this new" strain of the coronavirus.
18He added that he and his team will need about two weeks to do the additional experiments.
19Vivek Murthy, the surgeon general nominee for President-elect Joe Biden, offered his answer Sunday on CBS News.
20He said recently there is "no reason to believe that the vaccines that have been developed will not be effective against this virus as well."
21Dr. Moncef Slaoui is the chief science adviser for the U.S. government's vaccine distribution effort.
22He said Sunday on the Cable News Network (CNN) that the possibility that new strains will be resistant to existing vaccines is low.
23But, he added, the possibility exists.
24Genetics expert Trevor Bedford agreed.
25Bedford is a biologist and genetics expert at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington.
26"I'm not concerned," he wrote on his Twitter page.
27He added that many changes in the genetic code would probably be needed to weaken a vaccine, not just one or two mutations.
28But vaccines may need to be changed over time as these mutations continue.
29And the changes, he wrote, should be more closely observed.
30Over the weekend, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced new restrictions because of the new strain.
31Several European Union countries and Canada were banning or limiting flights from Britain to try to limit any spread.
32Experts say the new strain does not change public health guidance to wear masks, wash hands and keep social distance.
33Viruses naturally evolve, or change, as they move through the population.
34Some viruses evolve more than others.
35This is one reason why scientists need to develop a new flu shot each year.
36Since first identified in China one year ago, researchers have been seeing new strains of the virus that causes COVID-19.
37The newly identified strain of the coronavirus has many mutations.
38Some of these mutations are on the spiky protein.
39The virus uses these spikes to attach to cells and infect them.
40Current vaccines target these spikes.
41Dr. Ravi Gupta told The Associated Press, "I'm worried about this, for sure."
42He studies viruses at the University of Cambridge in Britain.
43Gupta said it is too soon to know the importance of this new information.
44Through normal evolution, viruses often change in small ways.
45A bigger worry, however, is when a virus mutates by changing the protein on its surface.
46They do this to help it escape drugs or attacks from the immune system.
47New evidence suggests that may be starting to happen with the coronavirus, Trevor Bedford wrote on Twitter.
48Bedford also noted that we are now seeing the rise and spread of several new strains.
49Some, he added, are showing "resistance to antibody treatments."
50This has led to another question: Will people who had COVID-19 from an old strain be able to get the new one?
51Gupta says that is "unlikely."
52Scott Gottlieb is former commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
53In a recent television appearance recently on CBS News, he agreed with Gupta's prediction.
54I'm Anna Matteo.
1A new kind, or strain, of the coronavirus has been found in Britain and South Africa. 2Health experts in Britain and the United States say the new strain seems to infect more easily than others. However, there is no evidence showing it to be more deadly. 3Patrick Vallance is the British government's chief scientific adviser. He said the new strain "moves fast and is becoming the" stronger strain. By the end of December, it is estimated that it will have caused over 60 percent of infections in London. 4It is unclear if this new strain causes a more severe form of COVID-19. 5Will the current vaccines work on the new strain? 6Vaccinations have already started in some parts of the world. So, the question many people are asking is this: Will the current vaccines protect people against the new strain of virus? 7One of the companies making an approved vaccine, Germany's BioNTech, recently gave a response. The Associated Press reported Tuesday that the company's chief said he is confident that its coronavirus vaccine works against the new UK strain. 8CEO Ugur Sahin spoke at a news conference the day after the vaccine was approved for use in the European Union. He said, "... scientifically, it is highly likely that the immune response by this vaccine also can deal with the new" strain of virus. 9The proteins on the UK strain, Sahin explained, are 99 percent the same as on the existing strains. Therefore, BioNTech has "scientific confidence" that its vaccine will be effective. 10However, he noted that "further studies are needed to be completely sure." 11"We don't know at the moment if our vaccine is also able to provide protection against this new" strain of the coronavirus. He added that he and his team will need about two weeks to do the additional experiments. 12Vivek Murthy, the surgeon general nominee for President-elect Joe Biden, offered his answer Sunday on CBS News. He said recently there is "no reason to believe that the vaccines that have been developed will not be effective against this virus as well." 13Dr. Moncef Slaoui is the chief science adviser for the U.S. government's vaccine distribution effort. He said Sunday on the Cable News Network (CNN) that the possibility that new strains will be resistant to existing vaccines is low. But, he added, the possibility exists. 14Genetics expert Trevor Bedford agreed. Bedford is a biologist and genetics expert at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. 15"I'm not concerned," he wrote on his Twitter page. 16He added that many changes in the genetic code would probably be needed to weaken a vaccine, not just one or two mutations. But vaccines may need to be changed over time as these mutations continue. And the changes, he wrote, should be more closely observed. 17Reaction to new strain 18Over the weekend, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced new restrictions because of the new strain. Several European Union countries and Canada were banning or limiting flights from Britain to try to limit any spread. 19Experts say the new strain does not change public health guidance to wear masks, wash hands and keep social distance. 20Viruses naturally evolve, or change, as they move through the population. Some viruses evolve more than others. This is one reason why scientists need to develop a new flu shot each year. 21Changes on spiky protein 22Since first identified in China one year ago, researchers have been seeing new strains of the virus that causes COVID-19. 23The newly identified strain of the coronavirus has many mutations. Some of these mutations are on the spiky protein. The virus uses these spikes to attach to cells and infect them. Current vaccines target these spikes. 24Dr. Ravi Gupta told The Associated Press, "I'm worried about this, for sure." He studies viruses at the University of Cambridge in Britain. Gupta said it is too soon to know the importance of this new information. 25How do these new strains happen? 26Through normal evolution, viruses often change in small ways. 27A bigger worry, however, is when a virus mutates by changing the protein on its surface. They do this to help it escape drugs or attacks from the immune system. 28New evidence suggests that may be starting to happen with the coronavirus, Trevor Bedford wrote on Twitter. Bedford also noted that we are now seeing the rise and spread of several new strains. Some, he added, are showing "resistance to antibody treatments." 29This has led to another question: Will people who had COVID-19 from an old strain be able to get the new one? 30Gupta says that is "unlikely." 31Scott Gottlieb is former commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In a recent television appearance recently on CBS News, he agreed with Gupta's prediction. 32I'm Anna Matteo. 33The Associated Press reported this story. Anna Matteo adapted it for VOA Learning English. Ashley Thompson and Mario Ritter were the editors. 34________________________________________________ 35Words in This Story 36strain - n. a group of closely related living things that look similar but possess one or more unique characteristics 37mutation - n. a change in a gene or the resulting new trait it produces in an individual 38spiky - adj. having sharp points : formed into points 39antibody - n. medical : a substance produced by the body to fight disease 40distribution - n. the act of giving or delivering something to people 41genetic code - n. the arrangement of chemical groups within the genes which specify particular kinds of amino acids used to make proteins 42response -n. an answer or reaction to something 43immune -adj. to not be affected by disease